Why do some young learners easily pick up a new language while others struggle, even with the same teaching? One key piece of the puzzle lies in how their brains work—specifically, how they use executive functions. These brain-based skills help children focus, retain information, control impulses, and shift between tasks—essential abilities for learning another language. In her influential Annual Review of Psychology article (2013), Dr. Adele Diamond, professor of psychiatry and developmental neuroscience at the University of British Columbia, defines executive functions as the mental skills that help us “play with ideas; take the time to think before acting; meet novel, unanticipated challenges; resist temptations; and stay focused.” This session explores how executive functions shape bilingual learning and why they are essential to student success. We’ll consider how difficulties with attention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility—especially common among learners with ADHD or other learning needs—can affect key language tasks like listening, speaking, and using grammar effectively. Drawing on classroom examples and recent research, we’ll share practical, easy-to-apply strategies that support the development of executive functions alongside language acquisition. From memory-boosting techniques to focus-friendly routines and flexible thinking activities, you’ll leave with tools you can use right away. Whether you're new to the concept of executive functions or already familiar, this session will help you better understand how the brain learns—and how to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for young bilingual learners.